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2 Sheets Sheet 1.

(No Model.)

H. C. SERGEANT.'

COMPRESSOR.

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(No Model.) 2 Sheets-Sheet 2. H1 C. SERGBANT.

COMPRESSOR. No. 422,255. Patented Feb. 25, 1890.

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m w 'e NS* UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

HENRY C. SERGEANT, OF NEW YORK7 N. Y.

COMPRESSOR.

' SPECIFICATION formngpartfof Letters Patent No. 422,255, dated February 25, 1890.

Approach ned August 30.1889. saturo. 322,453. montani To all whom it' may concern,.-

Be it known that I, HENRY C. SERGEANT,

of the city of New York, countyT of New York, and State of New York, have invented a new and usefulA Improvement in Compressors, of which the following is a specilication, reference being had to the accompanying drawings. This invention relates to compressors suc as are commonly known as air-compressors, but which are also applicable for the compression of various gaseous or aeriform bodies( I will proceed to describe my invention with reference to the accompanying drawings, and afterward point out its novelty in claims. p

Figure l represents a central longitudinal section of the cylinder of a double-acting aircompressor and al longitudinal outside view of the piston and piston-rods thereof, illustrating my invention. Fig. 2 is a transverse sectional view taken in the line x of Fig. 1. Fig. 3 represents a transverse section of the piston in the line y y of Fig. et. Fig. 4 is a sectional View of the piston, taken in the line c a of Fig. 3. Fig.' 5 represents an outside view of a portion of a ring-valve, which constitutes an essential feature of my invention.

Similar letters of reference designate corresponding parts in all the iigures.

A designates the cylinder, the side walls of which are hollow to constitute a waterjacket for the circulation of cooling-water, and the heads A. of which are also hollow, each containing a partitiona, (see Fig. 2, dividing thehead into two compartments and c, of which b constitutes the valve-chamber for discharge-valves d, and c constitutes a water-space for the circulation of water for cooling the cylinder. The valve-chambers b in the two cylinder-heads both communicate with a longitudinal passage h on the outside of the cylinder, and the said passage b is to have the discharge-pipe connected with it at b2. The discharge-valves d are iitted to seats d in the cylinder-heads and open outward from the cylinder to the chambers t. The discharge-valves d may be of any suitable kind, and are represented as of a well-known kind; but as neither they nor the valvechambers b b in the cylinder-heads constitute any part of the present invention no further description of them is necessary.

B designates the piston, which is hollow and strengthened internally ley-radial ribs c, and has connected with it a central tube C, which communicates with its interior cavity f. This tube may constitute a piston-rod; but in any case it constitutes uan inlet-pipe for the air or other gaseous body to be compressed. The said tube works through a stuffing-box g in one of the cylinder-heads, and its outer-'end may open` to the atmosphere or to a cold-air box or to any source of supply for the air or gaseous body to be compressed. In the example represented the piston is furnished on the opposite side to the pipe C with a solid rod D, passing through a stuffing-box h in the othercylinder-head, for the purpose -of making connection between the piston and the motor for driving it.

The internal cavity of the pistonavith which the tube or pipe C communicates, is opened and closed by valves E E to form communication between the inlet-pipe C and the cylinder on opposite sides of the piston alternatcly; but the said cavity is otherwise closed. `An annular passage t' is provided in each end of the piston for the reception of one of two ring-valves E. These valves are constructed substantially T-shaped in their transverse section, as shown in Fig. et. This form gives them an annular stem j and a double-hanged head j j?, the flangej forming a valve-face within the inner circumference and the flange jgforming avalveuace outside of the outer circumference of said stem, the said valvefaces closing against seats which are consti- 'tuted b y those portions of the faces of the piston immediately within the inner circumference and outside of the outer circumference of the annular passage t'. The inner circumference of the passage t is turned truly to form a guide Z for the annular valve-stem, and the inside circumference of the said stem is turned to iit easily to the so-formed cylindrical guide. The outside circumference of the stem j is made considerably smaller than the exterior circumference of the passage i, in order that when the valve is opened there may be a free communication between the cylinder and the interior of the piston but at certain intervals the said stem is thickened IOO by bosses j3, as shown in Figs. 3, 4, and 5, to give greater strength at such intervals, where slots j* are provided in the said stem, as shown in Figs. 4 and 5, the said slots running in a direction lengthwise of the piston and having inserted through them pins m, which are inserted into pin-holes provided in the piston radially thereto, the said holes intersecting the passages i'. The purpose of these pins is to prevent the valves from getting away from the piston and to restrict their opening movement. The pinholes for the reception of the pins are represented as tapered andthe pins tapered to correspond, so that the pins may be kept in place by being driven tightly in the said holes. The pin-holes are also represented as formed within grooves provided in the piston for the reception of packingrings n, covering f the heads or kouter ends of the said pins. provide for driving out the said pins after the removal of the packinguings when it is l at their outer ends with plugs q, (represented as screw-plugs,) so as to prevent any communication being formed between the interior of the piston through the said holes; but when it is intended to remove the pins m preparatory to taking out the valves the said .c closed and those at the other end opened.

The air is taken into the cylinder on one side of the piston through the hollow rod or'inletpipe C, theinterior of the piston, and the openv 1 valve E, and the air with which the cylinder has been filled on the other side of the piston, Q at which the valve E is closed, is compressed i and forced out through the open outletval ves d. This may be understood by-reference to Fig. 1, in which the piston is supposed to be moving to the left. The valve E at the righthand side of the piston is open and the air is entering the cylinder on that side of the piston, the valves d at the right-hand end of the cylinder being at the same time closed, the air being compressed on the left-hand side of the piston, where the valve E is closed, and the air so compressed is being forced out at the left-hand end of the cylinder through the open valves d at that end.

The compressor provided with inletwalves such as are herein described may be worked very rapidly. The said valves, being of considerable weight, are quickly opened and closed by their moment of inertia on the starting of the piston in either direction witha 1.` rlhe combination, in a compressor, with a hollow piston having ports in its opposite faces communicating with the cylinder and a hollow pistonrod or inlet-pipe in free com munication with the interior of said piston at its inner end and with the atmosphere or source of supply at the outer end, of valves fitted to said ports in the piston and opening `outwardly from said cavity to the cylinder,

substantially as and for the purpose herein set forth. f

2. The combination, with the cylinder of a compressor and outlet-valves in the opposite heads thereof, of a hollow piston, a hollow rod attached to said piston, passing ythrough one of the cylindenheads, and open at the outer end to constitute an inletpipe, and inletvalves provided in the piston on opposite sides thereof and opening outward Ltheree from, substantially as and for the purpose herein described.

8. The combination, with the lpiston Vof a compressor constructed with an annular pass i sage and with two valve-seats, one within the inner circumference andthe other outside of the outer circumference of said annular passage, of a ring-valve having internal and external flanges which form valve-faces corl= responding with saidl seats,- substantially as and for the purpose herein described.

4. The combination, with the piston of a compressor constructed with an annular passage, a cylindrical x-'alvedguide within said passage, and a valve-seat on one face of the piston at one edge of said passage, of a ringvalve iitted to said guide and having a flange which constitutes a valve-face fitted to said seat, substantially as and for the purpose herein set forth.

5. The combination, with the piston of a compressor, of a ring-valve of T-shaped radial section, substantially as herein described, whereby there is formed an annular stem and one face within the inner circumference and another outside of the outer circumference of said stem, as herein set forth.

6. The combination, with the piston of a IOO IIO

compressor constructed with an annular passage and a ring-valve adapted to said pas-A sage and containing slots, of pins inserted into the piston 'across the said passages and passing through the said slots in the valve to retain the latter within the pist-on, substantially as and for the purpose herein set forth.

7. The combination, with the hollow piston of a compressor constructed with an annular permit the entrance of a drift for driving out passage, with pin-holes Crossing said passage, the said pins to liberate the valve, all sub- ES and with drift-holes crossing said pin-holes, of stantially as herein described.

a ring-valve adapted to said passage and con- 5 taining slots, pins inserted into said pin-l1o1es HENRY C' SERGEANT' and through said slots for securing the Valve Witnesses: in place, and plugs inserted into said drift- FREDK. HAYNES,

holes for closing the same, but removable to GEO BARRY. 

